The conference, "Creating the Transnational South," was organized by the University Center for International Studies and is supported by the Rockefeller Foundation.
The events, which began Thursday and will run until Saturday in Dey Hall's Toy Lounge, will include speeches and panel discussions by experts on Southern studies.
Rockefeller resident fellow David Camp, who helped organize the conference, said the conference is intended to address changes occurring in the South and the region's connections to the world.
Camp said it is targeted at people who are interested in the South, international studies or global relations.
"We want to bring together a diverse body of people that have something to say about the world we live in," he said.
The conference began Thursday with a keynote address by James Peacock, center director and Kenan professor of anthropology.
In his speech, titled "The South in a Global World," Peacock addressed issues including the definition of the Southern identity and how the region interacts with the rest of the world.
Peacock said the South's main identifying characteristic is, and has historically been, opposition.
"The South famously sees itself as opposed to the rest of the world," he said. "Southern identity may not even exist until it is opposed."