Nicole Castro, a graduate student at UNC who presented a short talk at the symposium on her research in the role communication plays in sexual violence, said this change will start in the way we talk about sexual assault.

“I think it’s so important to start re-conceptualizing sexual violence and where it is,” Castro said. “We still have these myths that say it’s pervasive and happens over there to someone else.”

Kilbourne stressed that the current toxic environment created by the media and advertisements is the core cause for rampant sexual violence against women.

She showed examples of advertisements depicting sexualized and objectified women and contrasted them with our culture’s lack of similar images of men.

“Women are seen as things, and certainly turning a human being into a thing, an object, is almost always the first step in justifying violence against them,” Kilbourne said. “It’s impossible to be violent to someone we see as an equal human being, but it’s very easy to abuse a thing.”

She said this culture has created a climate of fear for women, cutting them down and silencing them all while doing the opposite for men.

“For men there aren’t consequences as a result of objectification,” she said. “Most men don’t live in a world in which they are likely to be raped, harassed or beaten, where as women and girls do.”

Kilbourne said reversing this pattern and changing the cultural climate will help lead to sexual violence prevention. But first the right steps need to be taken, including education, discussion, awareness, media literacy, counter-advertising and changing the norms.

“It’s not a mystery what works to change things, but what we lack is the political will to change things — and now more than ever,” she said. “But it’s not impossible.”

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